浅淡物候指标在农业生产上的应用     

栗锡龄  王月梅  王有根  李金莲 《山西气象》2006,(4):23-25

通过对物候资料与气象资料的对比分析找出与农业界限温度对应的物候指标,以物候指标为依据,就可掌握农业四季的初终期和农业界限温度的出现时间,并以物候指标预告农时,简便易行,对指导农业生产有广泛的应用价值。  相似文献   

夏季干旱逐日动态监测指数研究   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

尹洁  陈双溪  陈建萍  张瑛 《气象与减灾研究》2006,29(2):39-42

根据造成干旱的主要气象因素是降水持续偏少、气温偏高、蒸发量大的思路,利用逐日降水量和逐日最高气温资料进行实验研究,设计了夏季干旱的逐日动态监测指数.该指数可根据每日最新日降水值和日最高气温值的变化,及时给出影响干旱程度变化的主要气象因素的变化,使干旱监测具有实时性、敏感性和连贯性.利用该指数对2003年江西夏季发生的特大干旱进行逐日跟踪动态监测,监测结果表明该指数可以实时反映实际干旱的变化趋势.  相似文献   

山西省及邻区洞体形变异常指标的研究     

高振强  荆红亮  高跃雄  李艳  赵志俊 《山西地震》2006,(2):19-24

利用山西省及部分邻区近几年的洞体形变观测资料,分析了在几次中强地震前观测数据的分量均值、倾斜矢量、潮汐因子变化等不同指标的异常特征,找出了区域地震前倾斜的共性异常特征和个体异常特征,并与数字观测资料进行了对比研究,指出了数字观测资料在今后地震预报中的应用前景。  相似文献   

Position of the Gulf Stream influences lake nitrate concentrations in SW Ireland     

Eleanor Jennings  Norman Allott 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2006,68(4):482-489

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Correlation of atmospheric visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chung-Shin Yuan  Chang-Gai Lee  San-Ho Liu  Jui-cheng Chang  Ching Yuan  Horng-Yu Yang   《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):663

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols. Daytime visibility was observed around noon at two observation sites in metropolitan Kaohsiung, Taiwan in the years of 1999 and 2000. Both seasonal and diurnal variation patterns of visibility were observed in the region. Ambient aerosols were sampled and analyzed for 11 constituents, including water-soluble ionic species (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄⁻², NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca⁺², and Mg⁺²) and carbonaceous contents (OC, EC, and TC), to characterize the chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols. Furthermore, a stepwise multiple linear regression model was developed to elucidate the influence of aerosol species on visibility impairments. The results showed that sulfate was the dominant species that affected both light scattering coefficient and visibility. On average, the percentage contributions of visibility degrading species to light scattering coefficient were 29% for sulfate, 28% for nitrate, 22% for total carbon, and 21% for PM_2.5-remainder. An empirical regression model of visibility based on sulfate, nitrate, and relative humidity was also developed. The model showed that sulfate in PM_2.5 was the most sensitive species to visibility variation, suggesting that the reduction of sulfate in PM_2.5 could effectively improve the visibility of metropolitan Kaohsiung. During the investigation period, an event of Asian dusts intruded metropolitan Kaohsiung and dramatically increased the aerosol loadings, especially in the coarse particles. However, local visual air quality did not degrade accordingly during the Asian dust event because both visibility and light scattering coefficient are affected mainly by the fine particles. The results are discussed in detail in the paper.  相似文献   

Cloud condensation nuclei measurements at Mace Head, Ireland, over the period 1994–2002     

Luke Reade  S.G. Jennings  Gobnait McSweeney 《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):610

Analyses of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations (cm^− 3) measured at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, near Carna, County Galway, Ireland, using a DH Associates Model M1 static thermal diffusion cloud chamber over the period from March 1994 to September 2002 are presented in this work. Air masses are defined as being ‘marine’ if they originate from a wind direction of 180–300° and ‘continental’ air masses are defined as originating from a wind direction of 45–135°. Air masses without such filtering were classified as ‘undefined’ air masses. Air masses were found to be dominated by marine sector air, re-affirming Mace Head as a baseline atmospheric research station. CCN levels for specific air masses at Mace Head were found to be comparable with earlier studies both at Mace Head and elsewhere. Monthly averaged clean marine (wind direction of 180–300° and black carbon absorption coefficient < 1.425 Mm^− 1) CCN and marine CCN varied between 15–247 cm^− 3 and 54–670 cm^− 3, respectively. As expected, significant increases in number concentration were found in continentally sourced CCN over that of marine CCN and were found to follow a log-normal distribution significantly tighter than that of clean marine air masses. No significant trend was found for CCN over the 9-year period. While polluted continental air masses showed a slight increase in CCN concentrations over the winter months, most likely due to increased fuel usage and a lower mixed boundary layer, the dominance of marine sector air arriving at Mace Head, which generally consists of background CCN concentrations, reduced seasonal differences for polluted air. Marine air showed a distinct seasonal pattern, with elevated values occurring over the spring and summer seasons. This is thought to be due to enhanced biogenic aerosol production as a result of phytoplankton bloom activity in the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

基于吸力量测确定膨胀土活动带和裂隙深度   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

潘宗俊  谢永利  杨晓华  李志峰 《工程地质学报》2006,14(2):206-211

采用M itchell公式和裂隙扩展深度方程两种吸力法确定安康地区膨胀土大气影响深度和裂隙开展深度。其一通过对安康地区两处天然边坡开挖观测井,利用张力计进行不同深度处吸力值的现场量测,根据M itchell提出公式计算大气影响深度;其二根据非饱和土抗拉强度公式,建立膨胀土裂隙扩展深度方程,利用基质吸力量测结果求其理论解。结果表明,安康地区膨胀土吸力变化曲线随深度增加变幅减小,呈波浪式推移。M itchell公式确定安康地区膨胀土的大气影响深度为3.35m以内,裂隙深度方程确定裂隙开展深度为3.063.14m。利用M itchell公式计算大气影响深度与膨胀土断裂理论公式确定的裂隙开展深度结果接近。  相似文献   

 AMSR-E微波极化指数与MODIS植被指数关系研究     

毛克彪  唐华俊  周清波  陈仲新  陈佑启  赵登忠 《国土资源遥感》2007,18(1):27-31

首先，利用辐射传输方程对微波极化指数（MPI，Microwave Polarization Index)进行推导，以AMSR-E像元经纬度为控制条件，采集与之对应的MODIS植被指数（ LAI/NDVI），并将其平均值作为AMSR-E对应像元的值； 然后，对AMSR-E微波极化指数与LAI/NDVI进行相关分析。结果表明，MPI与LAI/NDVI之间存在着指数关系，而且频率越低，相关性越好。  相似文献   

塔里木板块新元古代地层化学蚀变指数研究及其意义   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

刘兵 徐备孟祥英  寇晓威何金有  卫巍米合 《岩石学报》2007,23(7):1664-1670

本文应用化学蚀变指数(CIA)方法,研究新疆库鲁克塔格地区新元古代地层,并探讨沉积时期的气候环境。贝义西组总体 CIA 值较低,介于51～56之间,具冰期环境特征。照壁山组 CIA 值为60左右,表明气候有所变暖。阿勒通沟组的CIA 值变化范围在48～61之间,顶部突变为69～71,说明阿勒通沟期经历了另一次寒冷事件,并以温暖环境结束。其上的特瑞爱肯组 CIA 值介于49～53之间,说明第三次经历寒冷干燥的气候环境。扎莫克提组,育肯沟组和水泉组的 CIA 均值为65,反映温暖条件下的沉积环境。新元古代末期汉格尔乔克组 CIA 值下降为56,暗示第四次出现寒冷气候环境。以上特征表明新疆库鲁克塔格地区新元古代的气候环境出现四次冷热交替变化。其中尤为重要的是阿勒通沟组中下部应为寒冷气候环境,而顶部突变为温暖气候环境,因此该组反映了一次明确的从冷到暖的气候变化过程,可以作为贝义西冰期和特瑞爱肯冰期之间的另一次独立冰期。本文的研究成果从地球化学角度支持塔里木板块新元古代四次冰期的划分方案。通过与扬子板块新元古代冰期划分方案的对比,认为塔里木板块新元古代四次冰期的前三次均已在华南板块以冰期或寒冷环境沉积形式出现。  相似文献   

Residual strength of slip zones of large landslides in the Three Gorges area, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B.P. Wen  A. Aydin  N.S. Duzgoren-Aydin  Y.R. Li  H.Y. Chen  S.D. Xiao 《Engineering Geology》2007,93(3-4):82-98

Slip zones of the large landslides in the Three Gorges area are commonly composed of fine-grained soils with substantial amount of coarse-grained particles, particularly gravel-sized particles. In this study, residual strength of the soils from slip zones of these landslides were examined in relation to their index properties based on a survey of 170 landslides. It was found that laboratory-determined residual friction angle using gravel-free fraction of the disturbed soils from the slip zones was closely related to clay content, liquid limit and plasticity index. On the other hand, in-situ residual friction angle of these soils (i.e. including gravel fraction) showed very weak correlations with clay content and Atterberg limits, but was largely dependent on gravel and fines (clays + silts) contents, increasing with gravels and decreasing with fines, and displayed strong linear correlation with the ratio of gravel to fines contents. These observations indicate that among the index properties, clay content and Atterberg limits can be used to estimate residual strength of the soils finer than 2 mm, but they are not appropriate evaluate the residual strength of the soils containing considerable amount of gravel-sized particles. For the latter, particle size distribution (particularly the ratio of gravel to fines contents) appears to be a useful index. Additionally, it was found that there was no identifiable correlation between relative abundance of individual major clay minerals and residual friction angles of both gravel-free fraction of disturbed and in-situ soils, suggesting that influence of clay minerals on residual strength of these soils can not be simply evaluated based on their abundance.  相似文献